The nature of steel
Outline of processing related to the microstructure of steels
The microstructure of steel can be affected by different heating, cooling and processing methods.
Steel as an alloy
Most metals used in the building industry are alloys, which are combinations of elements, thus altering their individual properties and behaviour.
Steel specification
The appropriate specification of steel is dependent on usage. For structural applications the strength is clearly an important factor and is specified by grade.
The manufacture of steel
Steel is composed of iron and carbon. The iron is extracted from iron ores, mined and then refined to remove the oxygen content.
The mechanical properties of steel
Different steels have different values of strength and toughness depending on the alloys made and the heat treatments used. Testing methods are important to determine values and to ensure that standards are adhered to. Methods of testing determine the yield strength, ductility and stiffness through tensile testing, toughness through impact testing, and hardness through resistance to penetration of the surface by a hard object.
Introduction
Designers should appreciate that different grades and types of steel are used for a wide range of applications.
