Tubular sections
The two principal ways of making structural hollow sections are the seamless method or by welding.
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The majority of seamless tube is made by piercing the solid ingot or bar and then elongating it in a rotary forge (called the Pilger process). Welded hollow sections for structural applications are produced by electric or submerged arc welding.
Circular sections of larger than standard dimensions can be fabricated from plate bent in rollers to the required diameter and welded along the seam.
